Every modern computer comes with tools to encrypt data in order to make it unreadable to anyone without the proper key. But what is encryption exactly and how does it function? This article explains how encryption safeguards sensitive information from snoopers.
In simplest terms, data encryption converts the information that is readable into ciphertext that can only be deciphered only by authorized users with the correct password. It is an essential element of cyber security, which ensures the privacy of data and keeps sensitive information out of the fingers of users who are not authorized.
An encryption method that is commonly used employs cryptographic mathematical models to turn the original information into a garbled collection of characters that isn’t easily accessible (known as ciphertext). Encryption algorithms “scramble” bits of data in a random fashion, such that even with huge computing power it would take a lot of time to figure out the key to convert back to plain text.
For example, if you employ the most commonly used form of encryption, referred to AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) on your digital files, each one of the zeros and ones that comprise it gets scrambled ten times to form an uni-random pattern. Without the right key to read it, a computer would have to run for a very long time trying to arrange them into the proper order.
Encryption can also help prevent the leak of information and attacks by ransomware. If a hacker steals encrypted data, they will be unable to read it and are unable to blackmail the company or anyone else involved in the threat of sharing the stolen data to the dark web. It also safeguards backup systems from hackers since they are unable to access the data in its original format.
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